Orthodoxy and Western Christianity: Salvation in Christ
The Ascetic Ideal and the New Testament: Reflections on the Critique of the Theology of the Reformation, by Father George Florovsky. This is one of the most important articles a Protestant inquirer to Orthodoxy could read. It is a lengthy survey of almost the entire New Testament. The author demonstrates that in each book the Orthodox doctrines of synergy and theosis are taught. He interacts constantly with the theology of Luther and Calvin, as well as the book Agape and Eros, by Anders Nygren.
What Christ Accomplished on the Cross, by Hieromonk Damascene.
Justification by Faith Alone? The Reply of Patriarch Jeremiah II to the Lutheran Tübingen Theologians (16th cent.)
Faith and Works: A Letter from St. Macarius of Optina to a layman.
Salvation by Christ, by Carmen Fragapane. A very thorough article explaining the Orthodox teaching on Theosis and the doctrine of salvation.
Person and Personality in Orthodox Teaching: Concerning the Evangelical Protestant Notion of a "Personal Lord and Savior." An Orthodox Tradition Q & A.
"On the Presuppositions of Our Personal Salvation," Ch. 13. from The Truth of Our Faith: A Discourse from Holy Scripture on the Teachings of True Christianity, By Elder Cleopa of Romania.
The Non-Orthodox: The Orthodox Teaching on Christians Outside of the Church: by Patrick Barnes. My humble attempt to answer a common question of inquiring Protestants and Roman Catholics.
On the Status of the Heterodox, by Fr. Michael Pomazansky.
Will the Heterodox Be Saved?, by Metropolitan Philaret.
Recommended Books
Meyendorff, John, and Robert Tobias, Salvation in Christ: A Lutheran-Orthodox Dialogue. Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress Press, 1992. Many topics under the umbrella of "salvation" are treated in this compilation of ecumenical studies. A most useful comparison of the differences between Orthodox dogma and those that emerged from the Reformation.
Bishop Auxentios of Photiki, Christological Methods and Their Influence on Alexandrian and Antiochian Eucharistic Theology. Etna, CA: Center for Traditionalist Orthodox Studies, 1996. This 31 page monograph compares the theology of Theodore of Mopsuestia—condemned by the Fifth Œcumenical Synod for his Nestorian theology—with that of St. Cyril of Alexandria, champion of Chalcedonian Christology. His Grace demonstrates clearly that one's Christology has necessary ramifications in the area of Eucharistic theology and the doctrine of salvation (soteriology). There is good reason for including this monograph in a suggested reading section for Protestants. My hope is that those who read it will come to see that the majority of Protestant theology, with respect to the nature of the Church, the Sacraments (Mysteries), and soteriology is clearly Nestorian. Most Protestants would affirm the Fourth Œcumenical Synod which defined the Person of Christ (i.e., set forth Orthodox Christology); yet in these very key areas Protestant thought is Nestorian. This should trouble those Protestants who believe that they adhere to the "Apostolic Faith" and value consistent reasoning. In this vein—i.e., that our theology should flow from Chalcedonian Christology—, see The Ascetic Ideal and the New Testament by Fr. George Florovsky, The Church Is Visible and One by Patrick Barnes, and Ch 10 from The Way, by Clark Carlton.